Ecologies of Organizations: Diversity and Identity
介绍组织生态学的基本方法，并探讨组织形式的多样性、组织能否轻易改变核心特征、组织老化过程、寻找保护性生态位以及如何定义组织身份等问题。
This essay introduces the basic methodology of organizational ecology and sketches some key insights arising from that work. For example, the paper will consider the extent of diversity of organizational forms; whether organizations can easily shift their defining characteristics; what happens to organizations as they age; the extent to which organizations can find niches that protect them against competitive pressures; and questions of how best to define the identity of organizations.