Targeting the Poor: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Indonesia
在640个印尼村庄比较了三种贫困瞄准方法：代理家计调查、社区排序及混合法。社区排序识别穷人效果略差，但满意度更高，且精英俘获并非原因，而是社区采用了不同的贫困概念。
This paper reports an experiment in 640 Indonesian villages on three approaches to target the poor: proxy means tests (PMT), where assets are used to predict consumption; community targeting, where villagers rank everyone from richest to poorest; and a hybrid. Defining poverty based on PPP$2 per capita consumption, community targeting and the hybrid perform somewhat worse in identifying the poor than PMT, though not by enough to significantly affect poverty outcomes for a typical program. Elite capture does not explain these results. Instead, communities appear to apply a different concept of poverty. Consistent with this finding, community targeting results in higher satisfaction.