EU harmonisation of regulations and mark-ups in the Dutch food industry
利用1992-2005年荷兰食品加工企业数据，研究发现欧盟产品标准协调在短期和长期均降低了企业加成率，且对小企业、集中度高的企业、单一产品企业等影响更大。
This paper studies the effect of EU harmonisation of food regulations on time-varying, firm-heterogeneous mark-ups using data on Dutch food-processing firms during 19922005. EU product standard harmonisation is measured using data at the 8-digit combined nomenclature product level. EU harmonisation generates short- and long-run pro-competitive effects: on average, an increase of 50 per cent in the sales-weighted coverage ratio of EU harmonisation leads to a decrease in mark-ups of 7 per cent after 1 year and by 11.5 per cent in the long-run. By taking account of firm heterogeneity, I show that this pro-competitive effect is more pronounced for (i) small firms, (ii) more concentrated firms, (iii) single-product firms, (iv) firms belonging to food sub-sectors which are less affected by EU harmonisation and (v) during the first half of the sample period.