The poverty of sustainability: rescuing economics from platitudes
指出可持续性概念已变得混乱且不连贯，主张将其重新理解为包含人与自然互动以及人与人围绕自然互动的两个领域，并强调制度需不断演化以促进非破坏性行为。
Abstract The idea of sustainability has become confused and incoherent. If sustainability is to regain a plausible pertinence to economic policy it must be understood to encompass two realms: (1) human interaction with nature; and (2) human interaction with others with respect to their interaction with nature. The on‐going redefinition of the purposes of nature requires that institutions—norms, rules‐property regimes—undergo constant evolution so that human action conduces to nondestructive action. Caution in the social realm is the greatest risk to environmental sustainability.