MULTIPLE‐CRITERIA DECISION MAKING INCLUDING QUALITATIVE FACTORS: THE POST‐MODEL ANALYSIS APPROACH
提出模型后分析方法，解决含一个定量目标和多个定性目标的多准则决策问题，通过权衡定量与定性目标帮助决策者找到最偏好的非劣解。
ABSTRACT As a method of solving multiple‐criteria decision making problems with a single quantitative objective and multiple qualitative objectives, the post‐model analysis (PMA) approach is proposed. The essence of PMA is to support the trade‐offs between a quantitative objective and multiple qualitative objectives so that the decision maker can find a perceived most preferred nondominated solution. To this end, the optimal solution of a quantitative model is found first, without regard for qualitative factors. The solution is then evaluated in terms of qualitative objectives. When the initial quantitatively optimal solution is adjusted to allow improvement of qualitative goals, opportunity costs of achieving qualitative goals are incurred. In this process, an expert system and/or graphical display can be used. PMA therefore provides a way to incorporate quantitative models into knowledge‐based expert systems.