Down and Out in North America: Recent Trends in Poverty Rates in the United States and Canada
分析1970-1986年间加拿大贫困率相对美国下降的原因：1970年代主要靠经济增长，1980年代则因加拿大扩大政府转移支付而美国缩减。
This paper examines why Canadian poverty rates fell relative to U. S. poverty rates during the periods 1970–1979 and 1979–1986. During the 1970s the principal reason for declining Canadian poverty rates is higher economic growth. During the 1980s, however, differences in government transfer policy are the main cause of relative poverty change in the two countries. Virtually all of the 3.3 point fall in relative Canadian/U.S. poverty rates from 1979 to 1986 can be attributed to expansions in the Canadian transfer system and simultaneous contractions in U. S. transfers.