Fertility, Marriage, and Culture: Demographic Processes Among Norwegian Immigrants to the Rural Middle West
利用挪威移民家庭的重构数据，研究了19世纪下半叶该群体生育率先升后降的现象，发现文化延续性和经济机会共同影响了其生育行为。
The image of the “backward” immigrant has enjoyed a prominent place in American history, in large part because of the perceived “non-American” fertility behavior of many immigrant groups. The European perspective on these migrants, however, has been to see them as innovators, breaking free from the demographic constraints of the Old World. Drawing upon a large sample of reconstituted Norwegian immigrant families, this article examines the rising and then declining fertility of this group over the second half of the nineteenth century. It concludes that their fertility experience was influenced both by cultural tenacity and economic opportunity.