Farm‐Level Fertilizer Demand in Java: A Meta‐Production Function Approach
建立模型，将种子品种选择和可变投入需求视为利润最大化农户的联合决策，使用爪哇农场数据估计化肥需求，发现忽略品种转换会低估需求弹性，且单一品种样本存在选择偏差。
Abstract This paper models seed variety choice and the demand for variable inputs as jointly determined by profit‐maximizing cultivators. The approach parallels that of Hayami and Ruttan, who postulated that changes in the output‐fertilizer price ratio induce movements along a meta‐fertilizer response function, the envelope of individual variety‐specific response surfaces. Ignoring the possibility of seed variety switching leads to underestimates of fertilizer demand elasticities. In addition, estimation with samples reflecting a single seed variety may involve serious selection bias. A two‐stage procedure which adjusts for selectivity bias is used to estimate the model with farm‐level data from Java.