Approximating Farm‐Level Returns to Incremental Advertising Expenditure: Methods and an Application to the Australian Meat Industry
用均衡位移模型分析澳大利亚牛肉、羊肉和猪肉行业在国内外市场增加广告支出的效果，报告对价格、交易量、收入、生产者剩余和净利润的影响，并强调跨商品广告效应，对需要快速决策广告支出的管理者有用。
Abstract Equilibrium displacement modeling is used to analyze the effects of incremental advertising expenditure by the Australian beef, lamb, and pork industries in domestic and export markets. The effects on prices, quantities traded, revenues, producer surpluses, and profits net of advertising expenditure are reported. Cross‐commodity impacts of advertising are highlighted, including how one industry has to adjust its advertising expenditure to preserve profit levels in the face of increased advertising by another industry. The procedures used are useful when decisions about advertising expenditure need to be made quickly.