American Manufacturing Unions' Stasis: A Paradigmatic Perspective
认为美国制造业工会要复兴，必须发展新策略应对环境变化；分析了工会为何采用经济范式而非政治范式，并指出经济范式已不再适用，长期坚持会导致变革阻力。以美国汽车工业为例说明。
This paper argues that American manufacturing unions, if they are to revitalize themselves numerically and politically, must develop new strategies in order to cope with rapidly changing environments. After reviewing two action paradigms that are available for unions, we show why manufacturing unions have adopted the economic rather than political paradigm. We argue that the economic paradigm is viable only under a specific set of conditions that no longer apply. Finally, long-term adherence to the economic paradigm produces resistance to paradigmatic change in response to external changes in many unions. As an illustration, we use the American auto industry.