U.S. Production Technology and the Effects of Imports on the Demand for Primary Factors
使用单位成本函数估计各类进口对美国初级要素的Allen-Uzawa效应，发现多数进口通过下游生产显著增加了劳动力需求。
We employ a unit cost function, in the context of the production theory approach, to estimate the Allen-Uzawa effect of various categories of imports on U.S. primary factors. To circumvent curvature-related problems, often associated with similar studies that do not invoke separability, we combine the global imposition of concavity with a symmetric normalized quadratic representation of the unit cost function (which remains flexible after curvature enforcing reparameterizations). Challenging conventional wisdom, we find that the positive, downstream-production-related, employment effects of the majority of imports are significant enough to produce a detectable net increase in labor demand. © 1998 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology