Family Background and Economic Status in Finland
利用芬兰数据，发现家庭背景对收入的影响相对较小，但贫困家庭子女的代际弹性更低而兄弟姐妹相似性更高，富裕家庭则相反，且代际关联主要通过教育和职业传递。
The importance of family background for economic outcomes is analyzed, using a Finnish data set. The estimates for intergenerational and sibling correlations in earnings are comparatively low. By estimating the magnitude of family influence conditional on parental earnings, children with poor parents are found to have lower intergenerational elasticities, while the sibling resemblance is higher. Children with rich parents have higher intergenerational elasticities and the sibling resemblance is also higher, except for daughters. The results also indicate that the largest share of the intergenerational correlation is transmitted through observed characteristics, such as education and, in particular, occupation.