Off‐farm Employment and Input Intensification among Smallholder Maize Farmers in Kenya
研究了肯尼亚小农户玉米种植中，非农收入（包括非农就业和农业工资劳动）对化肥和杂交种子使用的影响，发现非农收入在生产率较高地区抑制投入集约化，而在低产地区农业工资劳动减少化肥施用但增加购买量。
Abstract We derive input demand functions for fertiliser and hybrid seed, testing for the combined and separate effects of income from non‐farm sources and agricultural wage labour among smallholder maize farmers in Kenya. More income from off‐farm sources, and specifically non‐farm sources, competes with maize intensification, particularly in more productive areas where use rates are higher. In less productive areas, where households rely more on off‐farm income and input use in maize is extremely low, agricultural wage labour reduces the likelihood that fertiliser is applied, but when used, has a positive effect on quantities purchased of both seed and fertiliser.