Dynamic Measures of Scope and Scale Economies: An Application to German Agriculture
在调整成本框架下将多产品规模经济和范围经济的静态概念扩展到动态环境，利用德国奶牛场数据估计动态测度并探索范围经济的成因。
Abstract Static concepts of multiproduct economies of scale and scope are extended into a dynamic setting within the cost of adjustment framework. Important properties of the dynamic measures are developed and the foundations of a dynamic theory of the firm generalizing static neoclassical theory are presented. Dynamic measures of scope and scale as well as shadow costs are estimated empirically for multiple‐output, multiple‐input German dairy farms operating under a production quota. Causes of scope economies are explored and a conceptual model to predict the evolution of the production structure of German farms is formulated.