Hans Singer's debts to Schumpeter and Keynes
探讨汉斯·辛格的知识形成过程，分析熊彼特和凯恩斯对其早期著作及1947年后发展经济学的影响，发现这两位导师的影响出奇地小，而斯皮特霍夫和克拉克的影响更大。
This essay discusses Hans Singer’s intellectual formation and the influences on his early writings and on his post-1947 development economics. It asks what impact the unusual experience of studying with both Schumpeter and Keynes had upon his subsequent economic thinking and practice. It argues that the influence of both these mentors was surprisingly small, compared with that of Spiethoff and Clark. Singer repaid his debts to Schumpeter and Keynes, but by working in the new currency of development economics, some of which was his own coinage. His motivation for this vast effort was derived from the social egalitarianism of figures such as William Beveridge, Archbishop Temple and R. H. Tawney, rather than the liberalism of Schumpeter and Keynes.