HAVE CHANGES IN LOCALIZATION ECONOMIES BEEN RESPONSIBLE FOR DECLINING PRODUCTIVITY ADVANTAGES IN LARGE CITIES?*
研究了1967-1977年间美国两位数制造业中城市化经济与地方化经济的变化，发现大型产业的地方化优势在多个行业中下降，而城市化优势变化不一，且产业就业变化与产业规模和城市规模相关。
ABSTRACT This paper investigates whether economies of urbanization and localization changed in two‐digit manufacturing industries over the period 1967‐1977. Estimates of changes in such economies indicate that the localization advantages of large industries declined in several industries, but that urbanization advantages increased for a small number of industries and decreased for a small number. Moreover, the absolute change in two‐digit industry employment tends to be negatively correlated with industry size, city size held constant, and positively associated with city size, industry size held constant. These latter findings tend to support the findings regarding changes in external economies.