The state and rural development in Tanzania: The village administration as a political field
研究了坦桑尼亚1970年代建立的村庄行政机构，发现其内部存在基督教派与传统主义派别的竞争，前者与上级合作，后者通过非暴力不合作保护家庭免受国家干预，表明该机构具有显著自主性。
The Village Administrations (VAs) created by the Tanzanian state in the 1970s have been regarded as new state apparatuses intended to facilitate control over a recalcitrant peasantry. Field research in Dodoma revealed two kinds of factions competing for their control: Christians, who co‐operated with higher level state apparatuses in establishing working institutional structures, and Traditionalists, who sought to reconstruct the VA as an entity performing predominantly ritual functions and, by tactful non‐compliance, to insulate households from the demands of the state. If the VA is to be regarded as a state apparatus then it must be recognised that it has substantial autonomy, conditioned by its internal constitution as a political field.