Open for innovation: the role of openness in explaining innovation performance among U.K. manufacturing firms
基于英国制造业企业的大样本数据，研究发现企业广泛而深入地搜索外部创意与创新绩效呈倒U型关系，即过度开放反而降低绩效。
Abstract A central part of the innovation process concerns the way firms go about organizing search for new ideas that have commercial potential. New models of innovation have suggested that many innovative firms have changed the way they search for new ideas, adopting open search strategies that involve the use of a wide range of external actors and sources to help them achieve and sustain innovation. Using a large‐scale sample of industrial firms, this paper links search strategy to innovative performance, finding that searching widely and deeply is curvilinearly (taking an inverted U‐shape) related to performance. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.