Approaches for the experimental examination of the dialectic
回顾了三种控制实验方法（透镜模型研究、创造性任务实验和案例研究）在检验辩证法对战略决策效果中的应用，并讨论了其适用性。
Abstract A great deal of attention has focused on the potential benefits of the dialectic during strategic decision making. Some field studies have shown favourable perceptions of the dialectic. Exclusive use of field studies, however, is inadequate for a comprehensive evaluation of the dialectic. Controlled studies in the laboratory and the field are needed. Operationalizing the dialectic and measuring its effectiveness in controlled settings has been the subject of debate. This paper reviews three controlled approaches—lens model studies, creative task experiments, and case studies. The applicability of these approaches to dialectical research is discussed. Basic assumptions underlying controlled research are that the dialectic can be created in controlled settings and its effectiveness can be measured in terms of better decisions.