Modeling Decision-Specific Stress: Some Methodological Considerations
提出应将管理者压力视为随决策领域变化的特定现象，并建议在个体层面研究其决定因素，在总体层面用多维尺度分析揭示压力成分间的复杂关系。基于324名车队管理员的样本，个体层面模型得到支持，但决策特定模糊性的假设效应未获证实。
We wish to thank Johannes M. Pennings for his helpful comments on an earlier draft of this paper. The work was supported by a grant from the NAFA Foundation, Inc. We gratefully acknowledge the assistance provided throughout the project by that organization's directors and staff. Arguments are advanced for a reoriented approach to the study of managerial stress. Specifically, (1) managerial stress should be investigated as a decision-specific phenomenon that varies across decision areas; (2) the determinants of such decision-specific stress may usefully be studied at the individual level of analysis; and (3) at the aggregate level, the pattern of relationships underlying stress can be elucidated by using multidimensional scaling (MDS) techniques to create spatial representations that clarify complex associations among stress components and facilitate their interpretation. These points are investigated in a study of stress in the role of automotive fleet administrator. Based on a sample of 324 fleet administrators, general support isfound for an individual-level model of the determinants of decision-specific stress (R=.65,p<.0001) but not for the specific hypothesized effects of decisionspecific ambiguity. Apparent inconsistencies in these findings are resolved by an aggregate-level spatial representation obtained through MDS analysis.