More Power to the Pill: The Impact of Contraceptive Freedom on Women's Life Cycle Labor Supply
利用美国各州同意法差异，评估1960年首个避孕药Enovid对女性首次生育时间和劳动参与的影响，发现21岁前合法获得避孕药显著降低22岁前首胎概率，增加女性劳动参与和年工作小时数。
The release of <i>Enovid</i> in 1960, the first birth control pill, afforded U. S. women unprecedented freedom to plan childbearing and their careers. This paper uses plausibly exogenous variation in state consent laws to evaluate the causal impact of the pill on the timing of first births and extent and intensity of women's labor-force participation. The results suggest that legal access to the pill before age 21 significantly reduced the likelihood of a first birth before age 22, increased the number of women in the paid labor force, and raised the number of annual hours worked.