Assessing collective firm behavior: comparing industrial symbiosis with possible alternatives for individual companies in Oahu, HI
研究了夏威夷瓦胡岛11家企业间的工业共生合作，比较集体共享资源与个体行动的环境经济绩效，发现共生方案通常更优，尤其对岛屿地区。
Abstract Are companies better off acting collectively in sharing resources, such that one company's waste becomes another company's feedstock, or is it strategically preferable to act individually to minimize resource flows? Eleven enterprises on Oahu, HI, were found to be exchanging nine different materials, constituting previously undocumented industrial symbiosis collaboration, anchored by a coal‐fired power plant in the Campbell Industrial Park. The environmental and economic performance of eight companies exchanging six of these materials is assessed based on price and quantity data collected during interviews with the participants. The largest environmental benefits were found to be reduced landfilling and conservation of primary materials, including 40 million gallons of fresh water and approximately 17 800 tons of coal annually. The research finds that symbiotic solutions, when made visible, are often preferable, especially on an island. Indeed, company managers who fail to consider symbiotic solutions for resource issues risk overlooking the most effective strategic options. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.