Upgrading Traditional Technologies in Small-Scale Industry Clusters: Collaboration and Innovation Adoption in Indonesia.
基于印度尼西亚屋顶瓦片集群的纵向调查数据，研究发现集群内企业通过合作分担成本和风险来采纳创新，但技术不可分性使得领导者间的合作至关重要，且合作仅被视为手段，最终被传统层级结构取代。
There is by now sufficient evidence that small-scale industry clusters matter in developing countries. This article intends to contribute to the discussion on cluster transformation by focusing on innovation adoption in a roof tile cluster in Indonesia. Clustering allows small-scale enterprises to grow in 'riskable steps' by sharing the costs and risks through collaboration. Using data from longitudinal field surveys we find that technological change is not only a matter of comparing costs and benefits of technologies, but also a matter of access. Collaboration among leaders is crucial in innovation adoption when technological indivisibilities play a role. In our case study it appears that joint action should be viewed as a means to an end only; it was given up in favour of traditional hierarchies in the cluster as soon as possible.