Offshoring in the New Global Political Economy
质疑经济学家和管理学者认为离岸外包是互利贸易的观点，指出离岸外包降低工资为股东创造财富，但未必惠及国家和员工，且许多失业工人难以转向高技能工作。
abstract This essay challenges claims by economists and management scholars that ‘offshoring’ is simply another form of trade with mutual benefits. I argue that reducing wages through offshoring leads to wealth creation for shareholders but not necessarily for countries and employees, and that many displaced workers have difficulty ‘trading up’ to higher skilled jobs. Offshoring is a new phenomenon that entails the organizational and technological ability to relocate specific tasks and coordinate a geographically dispersed network of activities. It decouples the linkages between economic value creation and geographic location. The result is the creation of global commodity markets for particular skills and a shift in the balance of market power among firms, workers, and countries.