Population Growth and Technological Change: One Million B.C. to 1990
构建并检验了一个长期世界人口增长模型，结合内生增长理论中技术非竞争性导致高人口促进技术变革的观点，以及马尔萨斯假设中技术限制人口的观点。模型预测历史上人口增长率与其水平成正比，实证检验支持这一预测，并表明在无技术接触可能的社会中，初始人口较大的社会技术变革和人口增长更快。
The nonrivalry of technology, as modeled in the endogenous growth Uterature, implies that high population spurs technological change. This paper constructs and empirically tests a model of long-run world population growth combining this implication with the Malthusian assumption that technology limits population. The model predicts that over most of history, the growth rate of population will be proportional to its level. Empirical tests support this prediction and show that historically, among societies with no possibility for technological contact, those with larger initial populations have had faster technological change and population growth.