On export rivalry and the greening of agriculture–the role of eco‐labels
从理论和实证角度探讨为何有些国家推行生态标签而其他国家没有，并揭示贸易是否加剧环境破坏、出口竞争是否导致环境标准竞次、以及市场型环境工具是否对富国有利而对穷国不利。
Abstract Why do some countries have eco‐labelling programs and others do not? In this paper, we provide both theoretical arguments and empirical evidence suggesting that the answer to this question can shed new light on three questions that have taken center‐stage in the trade and environment debate: (i) does trade exacerbate the exploitation of the environment; (ii) are countries competing in export markets engaged in a race to the bottom in environmental performance; and (iii) do market‐based environmental instruments benefit the rich and hurt the poor?