Measuring biases of technical change: The case of cereals displacement in livestock ration formulation in Belgium
研究了欧盟共同农业政策导致的饲料价格扭曲如何促使比利时配合饲料工业用非谷物资源替代谷物，通过成本函数测量技术变迁的偏向和速率，并分解了谷物比例变化的原因。
Persistent feed-price distortions brought about by the CAP has favoured the use of non-grain resources in livestock feeding in the EU. This paper is concerned with the measurement of the rates and biases of technical change which have led to the displacement of cereals in livestock ration formulation. The analysis is applied to the Belgian compound-feed industry, where the displacement of cereals has been striking. An augmented translog cost function is adopted which allows identification of both endogenous (price-induced) and exogenous biases of technical change as well as the calculation of short-run ('static') and long-run ('dynamic') price elasticities of feed input demand. Finally, a decomposition analysis is provided, in which changes in the overall proportions of grains and non-grain feeds used by compounders are explained by substitution, output mix changes, and/or technical change biases.