Econometric Estimation of Technical and Environmental Efficiency: An Application to Dutch Dairy Farms
估计荷兰奶牛场的技术效率和环境效率，将氮盈余视为环境有害投入，发现技术效率较高（平均0.894）而环境效率较低（平均0.441），集约型农场在两方面都更高效。
Abstract In this article we estimate the technical and environmental efficiency of a panel of Dutch dairy farms. Nitrogen surplus, arising from the application of excessive amounts of manure and chemical fertilizer, is treated as an environmentally detrimental input. A stochastic translog production frontier is specified to estimate the output‐oriented technical efficiency. Environmental efficiency is estimated as the input‐oriented technical efficiency of a single input, the nitrogen surplus of each farm. The mean output‐oriented technical efficiency is rather high, 0.894, but the mean input‐oriented environmental efficiency is only 0.441. Intensive dairy farms are both technically and environmentally more efficient than extensive farms.