Welfare Implications of Oligopoly in U.S. Food Manufacturing
用统计方法证明美国食品制造业集中度提高与全要素生产率上升相关，并估计了寡头垄断造成的福利损失，发现生产率提升大致能抵消消费者损失。
Abstract A statistical procedure is used to show that increased concentration in U.S. food‐manufacturing industries is associated with increased total input productivity. A price leadership model is employed in order to estimate total welfare loss. If an elasticity of −1 is assumed, deadweight loss to society is estimated at 0.5% of food value. If an elasticity of −0.5 is assumed, total loss to consumers amounts to 6.11% of food value, which is $‐10 billion in 1975. The increase in total factor productivity which is linked to concentration is roughly sufficient to offset the entire loss to consumers.