The economic impact of genetically modified cotton on South African smallholders: Yield, profit and health effects
基于南非小农户三年调查数据，发现采用Bt棉花的农户在产量、农药使用、劳动投入和毛利润方面均显著受益，且最小农户受益不亚于大农户，医院记录也显示农药中毒减少与Bt棉花采用相关。
Abstract Results of a large-scale survey of resource-poor smallholder cotton farmers in South Africa over three years conclusively show that adopters of Bt cotton have benefited in terms of higher yields, lower pesticide use, less labour for pesticide application and substantially higher gross margins per hectare. These benefits were clearly related to the technology, and not to preferential adoption by farmers who were already highly efficient. The smallest producers are shown to have benefited from adoption of the Bt variety as much as, if not more than, larger producers. Moreover, evidence from hospital records suggests a link between declining pesticide poisonings and adoption of the Bt variety.