A Mediterranean perspective on the breakdown of the relationship between participation and fertility
研究了西方工业化国家中女性参与率与生育率之间反向关系为何破裂，尤其聚焦地中海欧洲国家低生育率与低参与率并存的现象，从家庭经济、福利制度和价值观角度解释。
In this paper we address two related questions: first, why does the inverse relationship between female participation and fertility appear to have broken down on a cross-country basis in the Western industrialised nations and, second, why has Mediterranean Europe contributed to this breakdown with its combination of record low fertility and low participation? We re-examine the cross-country fertility-participation nexus from a long-term perspective and verify that there are no longer reasons to expect a systematic inverse relationship to hold for developed countries. We argue further that differences in participation and fertility reflect differences in the ‘economics of the family’ across countries. In Mediterranean countries, the combination of low fertility and low participation is favoured by a family-centred welfare system, a family-biased production system and a family-oriented value system. And, contrary to widespread expectations, a very cohesive family has encouraged very low fertility.