HUMAN CAPITAL AND CONVERGENCE: A PRODUCTION‐FRONTIER APPROACH*
使用非参数生产前沿方法，将劳动生产率增长分解为技术变革、技术追赶以及物质和人力资本积累的贡献，发现生产率增长主要由资本积累驱动，国际生产率离散度增加主要源于物质资本积累，而国际极化主要由效率变化（技术追赶）引起。
Using nonparametric, production‐frontier methods, we decompose labor productivity growth into components attributable to technological change (shifts in the world production frontier), technological catch‐up (movements toward or away from the frontier), and physical and human capital accumulation (movements along the frontier). We find that (1) technological change is decidedly nonneutral, (2) productivity growth is driven primarily by physical and human capital accumulation, (3) the increased international dispersion of productivity is explained primarily by physical capital accumulation, and (4) international polarization (the shift from a unimodal to a bimodal distribution) is brought about primarily by efficiency changes (technological catch‐up).