The Effects of Protection on the Factor Content of Japanese and American Foreign Trade
利用东京回合前关税和非关税壁垒数据，通过密歇根计算模型计算日美保护主义导致的贸易变化，再分析这些变化的要素含量，发现日本保护主义对要素市场扭曲更大，美国制造业工人最不可能从贸易自由化中获益。
Data on pre-Tokyo Round tariffs and ad valorem approximations of nontariff barriers are used in the Michigan Computational Model of World Production and Trade to calculate changes in commodity trade attributable to protection in Japan and the United States. Data on factor requirements in production are then used to calculate the factor contents of these computed changes in trade. Results indicate that Japanese protection is more distortionary of factor markets in Japan and the United States than is American protection, and that U.S. manufacturing labor would be the least likely to gain from trade liberalization in Japan and/or the United States. Copyright 1988 by MIT Press.