Numeracy and the Impact of High Food Prices in Industrializing Britain, 1780–1850
利用人口普查中回忆年龄的数据，发现1780-1850年工业化英国的低营养水平损害了算术能力，拿破仑战争期间出生者认知下降，且粮价高、救济少地区影响更大，童年营养还关联成年后职业收入。
Using census-based data on the ability to recall one's age, we show that low levels of nutrition impaired numeracy in industrializing England, 1780 to 1850: cognitive ability declined among those born during the Napoleonic wars. The effect was stronger in areas where grain was expensive and relief for the poor, an early form of welfare support was limited. Nutritional shortages had a nonlinear effect on numeracy, with, severe shortages impairing numeracy more. Nutrition during childhood also mattered for labor market outcomes: individuals born in periods or counties with low numeracy typically worked in occupations with lower earnings.