Toward a New Conception of the Environment-Competitiveness Relationship
质疑环境规制与竞争力之间存在固定取舍的传统观点，指出恰当的环境标准能通过创新抵消成本、提升资源生产率，对政策制定者和企业管理者有参考价值。
Accepting a fixed trade-off between environmental regulation and competitiveness unnecessarily raises costs and slows down environmental progress. Studies finding high environmental compliance costs have traditionally focused on static cost impacts, ignoring any offsetting productivity benefits from innovation. They typically overestimated compliance costs, neglected innovation offsets, and disregarded the affected industry's initial competitiveness. Rather than simply adding to cost, properly crafted environmental standards can trigger innovation offsets, allowing companies to improve their resource productivity. Shifting the debate from pollution control to pollution prevention was a step forward. It is now necessary to make the next step and focus on resource productivity.