The economic cost of teen drinking: late graduation and lowered earnings
利用美国青年纵向调查数据，分析高中生酗酒对按时毕业概率和未来收入的影响，发现酗酒导致延迟毕业，进而使男性收入降低1.5-1.84个百分点，女性因进入低收入行业而受损。
This paper analyzes the effect that binge drinking has on the probability of graduating on time from high school and on future earnings. The analysis is conducted on students in their senior year of high school using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979. Importantly, the usual instruments used to correct for the endogeneity of the drinking variable are found to be robust only for women. This paper finds that heavy drinking decreases the probability of graduating on time. Binge drinking does not have a direct impact on adults' labor earnings, but graduating late results in lower labor income. Because of a late graduation, young men who binge in high school will face an earnings penalty of 1.5-1.84 percentage points. Women also face a penalty, but this seems mostly due to the fact that women who graduate late work in industries and occupations that pay less.