The Central Government‐Private Sector Wage Differential
综述了1986年后关于中央政府与私营部门工资差异的研究，发现中央政府员工通常享有工资溢价，但近年有所下降；发展中国家差异常为负；女性和少数族裔在公共部门表现更好；溢价大小受估算方法和数据来源影响。
Since Ehrenberg and Schwarz (1986) there has been a plethora of articles investigating the relationship between public and private sector wages. This article examines part of this post 1986 literature by reviewing articles that examine central government‐private sector wage differentials. In sum, most articles find that there is a premium paid to central government workers, although the premium has declined in recent years. In developing countries, however, the differential is usually negative. Women and minorities tend to do better in the public sector relative to their private sector counterparts. The evidence on union premiums between sectors is mixed, although the premium tends to be higher in the private sector. However public sector union workers do not do much better than private sector union members. The magnitude of all of the wage differentials discussed are sensitive to the estimation technique and data source used. The most common explanation for the public sector wage premium is economic rent accruing to government workers, although the public sector wage determination literature suggests that the differential is due to returns to political and ‘vote producing’ activities not relevant in the private sector.