Market Disruption and the Incidence of VERs Under the MFA
估计了美国在《多种纤维协定》下实施自愿出口限制的决定因素，发现限制对象从大型发展中国家转向销售增长快的小型出口国，这提高了美国成本并暗示发展中国家出口扩张将面临市场准入限制。
Market disruption or the threat thereof constitutes grounds for restraining countries under the U.S. Multifibre Arrangement (MFA). Since 1980, however, countries accounting for very small shares of U.S. imports have been restrained. This study estimates the determinants of U.S. voluntary export restraints under MFA I and MFA II-III using a bivariate probit model with sample selection. Results show a shift from targeting large developing country exporters to targeting those that are small but have rapidly growing sales. This raises the cost of the MFA to the United States. It also suggests that expansion of exports by developing countries will be met by restrictions on market access. Copyright 1995 by MIT Press.