How to Capture Value from Innovation: Shaping Intellectual Property and Industry Architecture
探讨创新者如何通过塑造知识产权环境和行业架构来保护利润流，抵御模仿者、客户、供应商等侵蚀，并介绍了将信息放入公共领域、塑造标准、促进模块化等工具，对管理者尤其有用。
Capturing value from innovation requires innovators to figure out how to blunt inroads into the profit stream by imitators, customers, suppliers, and other providers of complementary products and services. In making strategic decisions around technology commercialization, managers often assume that the intellectual property environment and the architecture of the industry are beyond their control. This need not be so. This article shows how managers can shape both the appropriability regime and the architecture of the industry in ways that can benefit the innovator by blunting the actions of others who may endeavor to tap into the stream of profit generated by innovation. Even small firms can play important roles. Tools include putting information into the public domain, helping to shape standards, and promoting modularity.