Innovation in multinational corporations: control and communication patterns in international R&D operations
研究了15家跨国公司110个国际研发单元的控制与沟通模式，识别出三种研发单元角色（本地适应者、国际适应者、国际创造者），并发现不同角色对应不同的控制方式和沟通网络特点。
This paper addresses issues of global innovation in multinational corporations by examining the patterns of communication and control in international R&D operations. Using a sample of 110 international R&D units from 15 multinational corporations, we identify three types of R&D unit role (local adaptor, international adaptor, international creator). We show that: (1) each type of R&D unit is managed primarily through a different mode of control; (2) local and international adaptors both focus their communication on their internal corporate network; and (3) international creators have strong internally and externally oriented networks of relationships. The implications for the management of global innovation are discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.