Alternative Models of Choice Under Uncertainty and Demand for Health Insurance
利用个人对健康保险计划的偏好数据，检验了标准期望效用模型与替代模型，发现参考点依赖、得失不对称等模型比标准模型拟合更好，表明保险选择存在惯性且对降价更敏感。
The authors test a standard expected utility model and alternative models about how people evaluate risky prospects using data about individuals' preferences among health insurance plans. A model that assumes people evaluate gains and losses relative to a reference rather than final outcomes, treat gains and losses asymmetrically, and process certain and uncertain outcomes separately provides a better fit than the standard utility model. These findings suggest inertia in health insurance plan choice and that individuals are more responsive to decreases than to increases in the price of insurance. Copyright 1996 by MIT Press.