Can second-order punishment deter perverse punishment?
实验发现，允许对惩罚行为进行惩罚能减少对高贡献者的惩罚，但引发了降低效率的二阶反常惩罚，总体效率和贡献略有提升但不显著。
Abstract Recent experiments have shown that voluntary punishment of free riders can increase contributions, mitigating the free-rider problem. But frequently punishers punish high contributors, creating “perverse” incentives which can undermine the benefits of voluntary punishment. In our experiment, allowing punishment of punishing behaviors reduces punishment of high contributors, but gives rise to efficiency-reducing second-order “perverse” punishment. On balance, efficiency and contributions are slightly but not significantly enhanced.