Female Labor Supply: Why Is the United States Falling Behind?
研究了1990至2010年间美国女性劳动参与率从OECD国家第六跌至第十七的原因，发现其他国家产假和兼职政策解释了29%的相对下降，但这些政策也导致更多兼职和低职位工作。
In 1990, the US had the sixth highest female labor participation rate among 22 OECD countries. By 2010 its rank had fallen to seventeenth. We find that the expansion of “family-friendly” policies, including parental leave and part-time work entitlements in other OECD countries, explains 29 percent of the decrease in US women's labor force participation relative to these other countries. However, these policies also appear to encourage part-time work and employment in lower level positions: US women are more likely than women in other countries to have full time jobs and to work as managers or professionals.