The Political foundations of economic development policies
认为，许多失败的内向型发展战略之所以被采纳并持续，根源在于政治庇护主义。这种政治体系由庇护-客户网络构成，以物质利益换取政治支持，导致派系斗争、行政腐败、合法性与自主性低下，进而推行损害福利的内向型政策。分析表明，政治变革是转向更优发展战略并成功实施结构性改革的先决条件。
The article argues that the adoption and persistence of many failed inward‐looking development strategies can be attributed to political clientelism. A political system consisting of aggregations of patron‐client networks bound together by the exchange of material benefits for political support is liable to be dominated by factionalism, politicisation, a high level of administrative corruption and a low degree of legitimacy and autonomy. In such an environment, welfare‐reducing inward‐looking development strategies result from the attempt to satisfy the demands of political supporters. The analysis suggests that political changes can be a prerequisite to a permanent transition to superior development strategies, and thus to the success of structural reform programmes.