Technology and Learning by Factory Workers: The Stretch-Out at Lowell, 1842
研究了1842年洛厄尔纺织厂将工人看管织机数从两台增至三台后，工人构成从识字的新英格兰农场女孩转向本地居民（包括文盲和爱尔兰工人）的变化，发现识字工人学习新技术更快但本地工人留任更久，且识字优势随时间减弱。
In 1842 Lowell textile firms increased weaving productivity by assigning three looms per worker instead of two. This marked a turning point. Before, weavers at Lowell were temporary and mostly literate Yankee farm girls; afterwards, firms increasingly hired local residents, including illiterate and Irish workers. An important factor was on-the-job learning. Literate workers learned new technology faster, but local workers stayed longer. These changes were unprofitable before 1842, and the advantages of literacy declined over time. Firm policy and social institutions slowly changed to permit deeper human-capital investment and more productive implementation of technology.