Knowledge Creation in New Product Development Projects
研究了新产品开发项目概念阶段和开发阶段的四种知识创造模式（社会化、外化、组合、内化）与新产品成功的关系，发现概念阶段的社会化和开发阶段的组合正向影响成功，而概念阶段的外化以及开发阶段的社会化和内化则负向影响成功。
In this article, the authors develop and test hypotheses relating the four knowledge creation modes of socialization, externalization, combination, and internalization as performed during the concept and the development phases of new product development projects to new product success. Using data from 94 new product development projects, they find that socialization during the concept phase and combination during the development phase are positively related to new product success but that externalization during the concept phase as well as socialization and internalization during the development phase are negatively related to new product success. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.