Unlimited Liability as a Barrier to Entry
用模型分析政府为何对某些行业强制实行无限责任，发现无限责任提高资本成本导致企业规模过小，但在特定条件下能保护租金，并用苏格兰银行和美国律所数据检验。
Many, but not all, firms have the freedom to choose liability rules. In some countries, service professions have unlimited liability rules imposed by government; historically, banks in some countries faced unlimited liability. Why do governments impose unlimited liability? This is the question the authors address. With a simple model, they illustrate the agency conflicts in firms. Limited liability solves these conflicts efficiently. Unlimited liability raises the cost of capital; inefficiently small firms result. But under some conditions, selectively-applied unlimited liability rules protect rents. The authors test several propositions with data on Scottish banking and U.S. law firms. Copyright 1988 by University of Chicago Press.