An Empirical Analysis of Process and Product Patenting: A Simultaneous Equation Framework
研究发现研发活动并非同质，过程专利与产品专利的决定因素存在重要差异；过程专利与产业集中度正相关，而产品专利则不然，且广告与产品专利有微弱关联。
The results of this study support the hypothesis that research activity is not a homogeneous activity, and that important differences exist between the determinants of process patenting and product patenting. Further, the effects on concentration and advertising of research depend on the type of research carried on by firms. Concentration and process patenting are positively related and concentration and product patenting are not. There is some weak evidence linking advertising and product patenting. Further, process patenting tends to generate greater industrial concentration.