Rationing, Queues, and Black Markets
在一般均衡框架下比较了多种配给和排队机制，发现从配给向市场转型时低收入群体受损，若黑市盛行则损失更大，而高收入群体获益。
Several types of rationing and queue mechanisms are compared in a framework of general equilibrium type models under gross substitutability and normality assumptions about consumers' Walrasian demand. During transition from rationing and queues to a market system, a group of low income people loses. The transition involves larger losses for this group if black markets prevail under rationing or queues, while a group of high income consumers gains. Some other comparative statics results are developed for a queue model with black markets. Copyright 1993 by The Econometric Society.