OUTCOME OF AUTONOMOUS WORKGROUPS: A LONG-TERM FIELD EXPERIMENT.
通过准实验设计，研究了制造业中自治工作组的长期效果，发现对员工内在工作满意度有持久影响，对外在满意度影响短暂，对工作动机或绩效无影响，但通过取消监督岗位提高了生产率，同时劳动力流动增加。
A quasi-experimental design was used to study the long-term effects of implementation of autonomous workgroups in a manufacturing environment. Results indicated a substantial and lasting effect on employees' intrinsic job satisfaction, a more temporary effect on extrinsic job satisfaction, and no consequences for work motivation or performance. At an organizational level, however, improvements in productivity were made possible through elimination of supervisory positions; and contrary to prediction, labor turnover increased.